AI Search Visibility
& Ranking Factors
For 1,100 Market Segments
Large-scale research into the correlations between potential ranking factors and the actual recommendations given by 13 leading AI models, measured across 100 industries and 1,100 buyer personas using 18 distinct technical signals, including search engine presence, backlinks, Reddit engagement, Wikipedia citations, and Common Crawl web coverage.
All-industry signal correlations (Spearman ρ vs. LLM recommendation score)
The strongest single signal across all industries is the simplest one: the industry's own vocabulary appearing on a website's homepage. Link authority (PageRank) comes next, followed by search presence and open-web mentions.
These are cross-industry numbers, and they run low by nature: a website that dominates one industry is absent from the other 99, which drags every correlation toward zero. The per-industry tables on each industry's page measure the same signals inside a single market, run meaningfully higher, and are the numbers worth acting on.
| Signal | Group | ρ (Spearman) | R² | n | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE Outbound Links | Search | +0.331 | 11% | 40,733 | Dominant |
| Homepage Keywords | Content | +0.204 | 4.2% | 41,494 | Strong |
| Domain PageRank | Backlinks | +0.192 | 3.7% | 97,628 | Confirmed |
| PageRank History | Backlinks | +0.183 | 3.3% | 98,546 | Confirmed |
| Search Engine Appearances | Search | +0.165 | 2.7% | 9,323 | Confirmed |
| Common Crawl | Web | +0.165 | 2.7% | 62,178 | Confirmed |
| Host Harmonic Centrality | Backlinks | +0.164 | 2.7% | 97,280 | Confirmed |
| Domain Backlinks | Backlinks | +0.160 | 2.6% | 74,885 | Confirmed |
| Host PageRank | Backlinks | +0.156 | 2.4% | 97,280 | Confirmed |
| Harmonic Centrality History | Backlinks | +0.153 | 2.4% | 98,546 | Confirmed |
| Domain Harmonic Centrality | Backlinks | +0.151 | 2.3% | 97,628 | Confirmed |
| Wikidata | Reference | +0.151 | 2.3% | 12,300 | Confirmed |
| Host Backlinks | Backlinks | +0.150 | 2.2% | 65,691 | Confirmed |
| Best Search Engine Rank | Search | +0.148 | 2.2% | 9,323 | Confirmed |
| Reddit Comments | Social | +0.148 | 2.2% | 48,298 | Confirmed |
| Reddit Posts | Social | +0.128 | 1.6% | 41,951 | Confirmed |
| Avg Search Engine Rank | Search | +0.077 | 0.6% | 9,323 | Emerging |
| Wikipedia Citations | Reference | +0.055 | 0.3% | 24,499 | Emerging |
Research Process
- Started with 500 candidate industries; refined to 100 with sufficient domain coverage
- Generated 11 buyer personas per industry, 1,100 in total (neutral + targeted segments)
- Per persona: top recommended domains, top search phrases, top on-page phrases
- Industry-level phrases collected to scope all downstream data collection
- Seven web crawls, December 2025 through June 2026: 15 billion pages scanned
- Measured general web presence and crawlability of every recommended domain
- Full corpus of Reddit submissions and comments, 2005 → mid-2026
- 3.7 billion submissions and 26.6 billion comments scanned for domain mentions
- 150,000+ organic searches captured across Google, Bing, and Brave
- Up to 100 results captured per query; appearances and rank position recorded per domain
- Wikidata entity associations for recommended domains
- English Wikipedia (enwiki) citations and outbound links per domain
- 25 million+ Wikipedia articles and 120 million+ Wikidata entities scanned
- Every web graph release: domain graphs since July 2017, host graphs since January 2020, 282 billion+ links analyzed
- PageRank computed for every recommended domain
- Harmonic Centrality computed (measures reachability within the web graph)
- Raw backlink count, PageRank, and HC captured for all domains
- Raw HTML downloaded for 3.67 million pages that appeared in the collected search results
- Outbound links to tracked domains extracted from every page
- Industry and persona phrases matched on each page, weighted by placement (title ×3, description ×2, body ×1)
- Homepage HTML downloaded for every tracked domain with industry phrases (176,000 domains, covering the LLM-recommended domains)
- Scored against its industry's and personas' weighted phrases: occurrences × phrase weight, title ×3, description ×2, body ×1
- The homepage keyword score is a core relevance signal in the correlation analysis
Analysis Process
- Each domain receives a rank-weighted LLM score per persona run: rank 1 contributes more than rank 10
- Scores are aggregated across all personas to produce an industry-level recommendation score
- Result: a continuous 0–100% visibility metric for every domain in every industry
- 18 signals extracted per domain: SERP appearances, best rank, avg rank, search-result outbound links, homepage keyword relevance, Common Crawl co-occurrence, Reddit comments, Reddit posts, Wikipedia citations, Wikidata entities, plus 8 link-graph signals (PageRank and Harmonic Centrality at host and domain level, current and historical, and host/domain backlink counts)
- Keyword and query signals are computed per industry and per persona from that segment's own phrases and queries; link-authority signals are global by nature
- Correlations are rank-based (Spearman), so results never depend on raw signal scales
- Spearman ρ computed between each signal and the LLM recommendation score for every industry
- R² (coefficient of determination) shows how much of the variance in LLM scores each signal explains
- Correlations run at both per-industry and global (cross-industry pooled) level
- Coverage percentage tracked; signals with sparse data are flagged
- Frequency lift measures how much more common a signal is in the top 10% of LLM-recommended domains vs. the rest
- Lift > 1.5× = strong over-representation; lift < 1.0× = signal is not differentiating
- Separates signals that correlate from signals that actively distinguish the most-recommended brands
- Dominant (ρ ≥ 0.30): highest-confidence signal for this industry
- Strong (0.20–0.29): reliable predictor
- Confirmed (0.10–0.19): consistent but moderate effect
- Emerging (0.05–0.09): present but weak
- Baseline (< 0.05): no meaningful correlation detected
- All correlation and ranking analysis is also run separately for each of the 1,100 personas
- Reveals whether a domain is broadly recommended or only surfaces for specific buyer segments
- Per-persona top-25 domain lists, SERP data, and signal tables available for every industry